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Sail (hieroglyph)
The Ancient Egyptian Sail hieroglyph is Gardiner sign listed no. P5 for the ''sail of a ship''. The hieroglyph shows a hoisted sail, curved because of wind filling it. It is used in Egyptian hieroglyphs as a determinative for words related to ''wind, air, breath, sailors,'' (as "nefu"), ''floods-(of the Nile), etc.'' Also an ideogram in 'puff', 'wind', Egyptian ''(tsh)3w''-(ṯau).〔Betrò, 1995. ''Hieroglyphics: The Writings of Ancient Egypt'', Sail, p. 220.〕
==Breath, in the Book of the Dead==
Because of the use of the word 'winds', the 'breath' concept became an equally important usage of the sail hieroglyph. The Nile current carried ships downstream-(north), but sometimes prevailing, or advantageous winds allowed upstream travel on the Nile.
A replacement of the sekhem scepter held in the hand in vignettes from the Books of the Dead refers to obtaining life-giving 'breath' in the afterlife.〔Wilkinson, 1992. ''Reading Egyptian Art'', Sail-hetau-P5, p. 154-155.〕 An example is Nakht, (Papyrus of Nakht, 18th-19th Dynasty), holding a large mast-on-a-staff, referring to Spell 38A, ''for living by air in the realm of the dead.'' Other stick figured caricature examples show the mast and an ankh in each hand, both signifying a "breath (of) life".
Other spells in the Book of the Dead use the concept of 'breath' in even more storied forms and involving various gods.
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